1.The source of Fisetin:
2.The difference between Fisetin and Quercetin
3.The functions of Fisetin
1）.Antioxidant weapon and inflammation killer.
2）.The nemesis of tumors.
3）. Deciphering the anti-aging code of fisetin.
-Caloric Restriction Simulants
-Senolytics substances
4. Application range of Fisetin
5. Production technology of Fisetin
The source of Fisetin:
Fisetin is a natural flavonoid compound extracted from plants such as the Anacardiaceae plant, including wax tree. It is also found in vegetables and fruits, such as apples, persimmons, grapes, kiwis, strawberries, onions and cucumbers. Fisetin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological properties. The concentration of fisetin in various foods are shown here:
The difference between Fisetin and Quercetin:
Fisetin and Quercetin are both naturally occurring flavonoid compounds.
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Fisetin |
Quercetin |
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CAS：528-48-3 MF: C15H10O6 Source of extraction: Rhus succedanea L. Efficacy: 1. Anti-tumor (fisetin plays an inhibitory role at all stages of tumor development) 2. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory (one of the flavonoids with the strongest antibacterial effect) 3. Anti-aging, whitening and lightening effects (the ability to remove senescent cells) 4. Inhibit prostaglandins 5. Neuroprotective effect (improve memory function) 6. Anti-diabetic 7. Antidepressant Pharmacological effects: 1. Inhibit prostaglandins: It has an inhibitory effect on the production of prostatic cords in fibroblasts of 3T3 mice transformed by methylcholanthrene, and the half effective inhibitory concentration (ID50) is 42.0UM; 2. Enzyme inhibition: It has an inhibitory effect on the whole sugar reductase of the rat eye lens, and the half effective inhibitory concentration is 10-6M; 3. Antispasmodic: For mouse small intestine specimens, its effectiveness against the spasmodic effect of acetylcholine is 166% that of papaverine; 4. Fisetin in vegetables and fruits helps improve memory; 5. It has the functions of dispelling wind and dampness, promoting qi and activating blood circulation; 6. Clinical use: treating coronary heart disease, improving coronary circulation and inhibiting the occurrence of thrombotic diseases; 7. Anti-infection, used for purulent and surgical infections (acute tonsillitis, otitis externa, osteomyelitis, surgical infections, etc.); 8. Used to treat cervical erosion; treat certain skin diseases and acne; treat hepatitis and leprosy; |
CAS：117-39-5 MF:C15H10O7 Source of extraction: Sophora Japonica L. Efficacy: 1. Quercetin improves aerobic exercise performance. 2. Helps relieve allergies. 3. Helpful in fighting cancer. 4. Helps reduce chronic brain tumors. 5. Helps lower blood pressure and blood sugar. 6. Helps delay aging. 7. Helpful in fighting depression. 8. Helps fight inflammation. Pharmacological effects: 1. Quercetin resists lung cancer: Quercetin can inhibit the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cell A549 in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
2. Quercetin resists pulmonary fibrosis: Quercetin inhibits fibroblast proliferation, inhibits collagen synthesis, prevents oxidative damage, inhibits angiogenesis, etc., reduces the risk of pulmonary failure, gas exchange disorders, respiratory failure, and improves respiratory function. 3. Protect lungs and bronchi: Quercetin inhibits the release of P-selectin. Inhibiting the expression of adhesion molecules such as P-selectin partially prevents the adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to endothelial cells, thereby blocking the transmembrane movement of PMN and their "seizure" in the lungs, thereby achieving the prevention of acute lung injury. Protective effects. |
The functions of Fisetin
1). Antioxidant weapon and inflammation killer.
Fisetin, as a flavonoid, has inherent antioxidant properties. It not only has direct antioxidant activity, but can also increase the level of glutathione, the main antioxidant in cells [1]. Even under oxidative stress, fisetin can well maintain mitochondrial function [2], and even very fragile neuronal cells can be well protected.
In addition to its own antioxidant talent, its anti-inflammatory effect should not be underestimated. Fisetin inhibits the NF-κB pro-inflammatory signaling pathway by activating β-catenin protein and silencing the expression of TLR4 [3][4], thereby down-regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines to achieve anti-inflammatory effects.
2）.The nemesis of tumors.
In the early stages of tumors, fisetin can interfere with chromosome segregation and promote DNA double-strand breaks, thereby reducing its proliferation rate [5]. During the period of rapid tumor growth, fisetin can also reduce the formation of blood vessels by inhibiting uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator) and cut off the tumor's nutritional source [6]. In the late stages of tumors, tumors may metastasize, and fisetin can prevent the degradation of the ECM protein barrier by inhibiting the key target of MMP-1, thereby preventing tumor cells from entering the blood and inhibiting the metastasis of tumor cells [7].
Note: Fisetin’s anti-tumor targeting pathway Khan, N. et al (2013)[1]
3). Deciphering the anti-aging code of fisetin.
In 2007, Sinclair and others discovered that fisetin can activate the SIRT1 longevity protein [8], and fisetin emerged in the anti-aging world. After Dr. James Kirkland proposed the concept of senolytics in 2015 [9], fisetin became a popular senolytics substance due to its powerful ability to eliminate senescent cells, attracting more attention.
Fisetin exerts its powerful anti-aging ability mainly on two points, one as a Caloric Restriction Simulants and the other as a Senolytics Substance.
-Caloric Restriction Simulants
Although caloric restriction (CR) has a significant effect in delaying aging, it is a bit painful to implement and the results are slow, which discourages most people. Caloric restriction mimic (CRM) perfectly solves this problem. It can simulate CR, Activate the corresponding signaling pathways without reducing caloric intake [10].
Fisetin, as a caloric restriction mimetic, induces autophagy by upregulating the expression of SIRT1 in the Sirtuins family, thereby inhibiting mTOR [11]. Unlike other caloric restriction mimetics such as metformin, fisetin is tissue-specific and has a better effect on promoting autophagy in brain cells [12].
Note: The process of autophagy.
-Senolytics substances
Senolytics refers to the targeted removal of senescent cells. As people age, senescent cells will continue to accumulate and secrete a large amount of SASP (senescence-associated secretory phenotype), prompting surrounding normal cells to age, thus accelerating the aging of the body [13].
A 2018 study showed that fisetin had the best effect on clearing senescent cells among the 10 flavonoids at the time, and its effect exceeded that of resveratrol, curcumin, and catechin [14], so it became the subject of research by scientists. Key objects. Another study showed that after fisetin cleared senescent cells in elderly mice with COVID-19, the mortality rate was reduced from nearly 100% to 50% [15].
Note: Effect picture of 10 kinds of flavonoids in removing senescent cells.
Studies have found that the reason why senescent cells do not undergo apoptosis is that they upregulate the SCAP network (anti-apoptotic pathway) [16], and fisetin blocks this by blocking the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway and activating SIRT1. SCAP network (anti-apoptotic pathway), thus causing senescent cells to automatically undergo apoptosis [17].
Application range of fisetin:
1.Fisetin is widely used in health care products and pharmaceutical research for antioxidant, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory functions.
2.Fisetin is also used in the food industry as a natural food colorant.
3.Used as experimental compounds for biological research, such as cancer treatment and neuroprotection.
Production technology of Fisetin:
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